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Bioindicators - their role in the evaluation of environment
Winklerová, Lucie ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of plant and animal bioindicators in an evaluation of the state of the environment. Bioindicators are divided in this work according to ecosystem for which they are used into bio indicators of terrestrial and of water ecosystem. Furthermore, they are divided according to groups of analytes, which are indicated by means of them. In the work the attention is paid to selected elements of risk, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The presence of these xenobiotics in the environment is particularly influenced by human activities. First of all individual industrial and automobile transports are permanent sources of contamination of the ecosystem with these xenobiotics. Considerable influence on the ecosystem pollution with organic and inorganic contaminants had also an injudicious application of certain fertilizers in agricultural production. The importance of bioindication and bioindicators is big. They help us not only assess the presence of xenobiotic in the environment, the development of its occurrence and sources of pollution, but they are also necessary in the evaluation of its biological effect, and responses and mechanisms of the organism which are induced by it. Biomonitoring is now an essential part of environmental protection by reason of monitoring the presence and the transport of contaminants.
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Drop coating deposition Raman spectroscopy of selected contaminants
Přikryl, Mikuláš ; Kočišová, Eva (advisor) ; Machalová Šišková, Karolína (referee)
in english: Drop coating deposition Raman spectroscopy is a special method of Raman spectroscopy based on a deposition of a small volume of solution or suspension on a special substrate with hydrophobic properties. The drop dries on this substrate and forms a deposit from which a Raman spectrum of good quality can be accumulated. This is possible in case of the small volume of deposited drop (several µl) and low initial concentration (µM) as well. The main goal of this thesis is to find the limits of this method for detection of several contaminants (melamine, picloram, thiram, bentazone) using two commercial substrates (SpectRIMTM , μ-RIMTM ) for study of aqueous solutions, and one non-commercial for study of ethanol solutions. Spectra accumulated on commercial substrates were generally of higher quality and therefore the detection limits were lower. Between the two commercial substrates, SpectRIMTM proved to be a more suitable choice due to the fact that contaminants were better concentrated on this substrate. The obtained detection limits were compared with the limits of these substances for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Although the same limits were not reached, all substrates showed great potential for the detection of substances at very low concentrations.
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Zhodnocení akceptačních kritérií technologií pro nakládání s odpady
Zlámalová, Gabriela
This Bachelor's work deals with the acceptance criteria which are in force for acceptance of the wastes in facilities where the wastes are reused, processed or disposed. The theoretical part provides an overview of applicable legal regulations which govern the waste management and gives a definition of basic terms, a summary of duties set for the waste producers and the conditions for acceptance of the wastes in facilities. There is also basic information about the technologies. The practical part describes the acceptance criteria in some facilities operated by SITA CZ a.s. These are the landfilling, biodegradation, incineration, stabilisation/solidification, neutralisation, deemulsifying, and composting. For each facility, the acceptance procedure is described and evaluated in terms of quality of wastes and documents needed for the acceptance. The final part of the work provides recommendations for improvements of the acceptance procedures in the biodegradation, neutralisation and deemulsifying facilities.
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Bioindicators - their role in the evaluation of environment
Winklerová, Lucie ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of plant and animal bioindicators in an evaluation of the state of the environment. Bioindicators are divided in this work according to ecosystem for which they are used into bio indicators of terrestrial and of water ecosystem. Furthermore, they are divided according to groups of analytes, which are indicated by means of them. In the work the attention is paid to selected elements of risk, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The presence of these xenobiotics in the environment is particularly influenced by human activities. First of all individual industrial and automobile transports are permanent sources of contamination of the ecosystem with these xenobiotics. Considerable influence on the ecosystem pollution with organic and inorganic contaminants had also an injudicious application of certain fertilizers in agricultural production. The importance of bioindication and bioindicators is big. They help us not only assess the presence of xenobiotic in the environment, the development of its occurrence and sources of pollution, but they are also necessary in the evaluation of its biological effect, and responses and mechanisms of the organism which are induced by it. Biomonitoring is now an essential part of environmental protection by reason of monitoring the presence and the transport of contaminants.
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Mass extemporaneous decontamination of people in concrete stationary object.
LEVÝ, Leoš
This thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part, the general procedures and principles of decontamination, the decontamination substances and mixtures, as well as the technique that is used for decontamination, have been described. Next, the description of the decontamination of the first responders, as this part of the decontamination process has been given; it has been elaborated and checked in practice. In the second part, there is the drafted plan of the mass extemporaneous decontamination of people in the selected public facility, according to the general methods of decontamination. Next, there is the drafted documentation for resolving an extraordinary event: an accident with subsequent leakage of a dangerous chemical substance, resulting in the need to carry out the mass decontamination of people in selected public facilities. In the last part, I have discussed and compared the advantages and possible disadvantages of the selected object of for the implementation of mass decontamination of people. There is also a suggested way of how to carry out this decontamination in this object in the most efficient way. The processing of this documentation has clearly confirmed my hypothesis. The mass decontamination of people in the selected location, in this case specifically in the Domazlice Hostel and Swimming Pool, can be feasibly performed with an improvised method. After giving the specific supplemented data (the names of the personnel, the telephone numbers, places of storage material etc.), the suggested documentation is usable for the object in practice. The documentation can be also easily adapted to other similar public facilities.
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